Power operated machine tool



Mai-ch 7, 1944. R. R. ROEMER 2,343,243

POWER OPERATED MACHINE TOOL Filed July 31, 1940 5 511061484116913 1 Pa/pb R lfaemer' ATTORNEY.

March 7, 1944.

R. R. RQEM ER 2mg grmgmn momma 100p Filed July 31. 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 7 INVENTOR.

z ATTORNEY.

March 7, 1944. R. R. ROEMER POWER OPERATED MACHINE TOOL Filed July 31, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet mow m m m M W //..u M m F March 7, 1944,

R. R. RQEMER POWER OPEBAI'ED MACHINE TOOL Filed July 31 1940 -5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Y INVENTOR. @1406 lf emer ATTORNEY.

March 7, 1944. R. R. ROEMER 2,343,243

- POWER OPERATED MACHINE TOOL Filed July 31, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 19 M9 M0 ad I E 5:

INVENTOR. BY 0/p/ Poe/her Patented Mar. 7, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE POWER OPERATED MACHINE TOOL Ralph R. Roemer, Cleveland, Ohio Application July 31, 1940, Serial No. 348,943

Claims.

This invention relates to machine tools of the type comprising a power driven rotary tool; and.

has particular application to power driven rotary tools that are variably positionable with respect to work to be operated upon.

A machine tool of this type constitutes the subject matter of my patent, No. 1,956,835, dated May 1, 1934; and the machine tool of this application is an improvement over that of the patent. Subject matter illustrated and described herein but not claimed is being claimed in my copending applications, Serial Number 450,527, filed July 11, 1942 and Serial Number 450,528. July 11, 1942.

The machine tool of this application comprises generally, as parts of a main frame, a vertical column supporting a horizontal -arm which extends over a work table. The arm supports a horizontal trackway; and a motor driven rotary 'tool, particularly a saw or the like, is supported by a carriage reciprocable along the trackway. The trackway is mounted on the arm so as to swing on a vertical axis, and can be locked in any desired swung position, to determine the direction of movement of the carriage and saw; and a dial scale is provided to accurately determine the angular position of the trackway.

The saw and motor are mounted on the carriage so as to swing on a horizontal axis thereon, and may be locked in any desired angular position to determine the angle of the rotational plane of the saw or like tool with respect to the work table; and a dial scale is provided to selec tively determine the saw angle.

Mechanism is provided to raise and lower the arm and tool relative tothe work table and to lock them in any elevational position.

The work is supported on a table-top which is reciprocable toward and from the column to vary its position with respect to the saw: and means is provided to lock the table-top in all positions.

With reference to a machine tool of this general character, it is among the objects of the invention:

To provide an improved construction of column and arm;

To provide an improved elevating mechanism for the arm and tool;

To provide an improved support for the motor and saw on xthe carriage, and swinging supportand lock therefor;

To provide an improved work table and tabletop and top support and positioning and locking means therefor;

To provide improvedmeans for adjusting the fit of relatively movable parts to insure accuracy of operation of the machine;

To provide an improved dial scale and adjustments therefor;

To provide improved means to adjust the parts of the machine to insure accurate alignment and accuracy of movement of the parts of the machine to insure accurate work by the tool.

To provide an improved construction of frame or base upon which the column may have a rigid mounting.

Other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains.

My invention is fully disclosed in the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. l is a side elevational view of a machine tool embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the machine tool of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a front elevational view of the tool of Fig. 1, considered as taken from the left side of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken from the plane 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a view to enlarged scale of a part of Fig. 1 with a tubular arm and other parts thereof in section, and the view may be considered as taken from the plane 5-5 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view to enlarged scale of a part of Fig. 4, and the view may be considered as taken from the plane 6-8 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view to enlarged scale taken from the plane 1-! of Fig. 1;

Fig. Bis a view similar to Fig. 7 but taken from the plane 8-8 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken from the plane 9-9 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken from the plane lfl-HlofFigl;

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary view of a part of Fig. 1, with parts broken away and parts in section;

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken from the line l2-l2 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 13 is a view'to enlarged scale of a part of Fig. 3;

Figs. 14 and 15 are views illustrating the preferred construction of the main base or table, which has been shown in more simplified form in the foregoing figures, Fig. 14 being a top plan view of the table or base with parts to be mounted thereon omitted; and Fig. 15 being a crosssectional view taken from the plane l5 l5 of vFig. 14;

Fig. 16 is a top plan view illustrating a modification of the means of the foregoing figures for mounting ,a work-table-top on. the main base or table, the view illustrating in plan particularly a casting which I may employ and showing in broken line a work-tabie-top thereon;

Fig. 17 is a forward and rearward longitudinal sectional view of the top portion of the table of Figs. 14 and 15 with the column of the tool mounted thereon and showing in longitudinal section the table-top and the supports therefor table may be variously constructed, and the preferred construction will be presently described, it is here illustrated in simplified form. Upon the top of the table, and at the rearward side thereof, is mounted a vertical column 3,'preferably in the form of a steel tube, Fig. '7, secured, for example by welding, at its lower end to a steel flange 4, which is preferably circular in form; and the column is braced to the flange 4 by ribs 5-5, welded to the column and to the flange; and the flange 4 is secured to the top of the table I by bolts 66 and adjusting screws 1-1.

The bolts are projected through perforations in the flange 4 and through the upper surface of the main base ortable. as shown in Figs. 1 and 13, and the screws 1 are threaded in the' flange 4 and engage the upper side of the table. By loosening a bolt 6 and screwing in the corresponding screw 1, or by loosening the screw] and tightening the corresponding bolt 5, the column 3 may be adjusted into true vertical position or into such position that the tool moving back and forth along the trackway, as will be described, will move parallel to the work-tablev top in either cross-cutting or ripping. 1

Upon the forward face of the column is weided a guide 8, see Figs. 7 and 8, having opposite vertical angular guideways 9-=9, upon which is vertically slidable a pair of slides 10 and II to which is bolted a vertical flange l2 forming part of a horizontal arm 13.

' The arm 13 is preferably in the form of a steel tube, see Figs. 4 and 5, with the flange 12 welded thereto, and bracing ribs 14- welded to the flange l2 and to the outer wall of the tube 13, brace the same and render it rigid.

The flange i2 is secured to the slides l0 and II by bolts 15 and IS. The slide has a shoulder. 11 which overlaps a vertical planar edge I3 of the flange 12 to position the slide 11, and the slide ll isrigidly bolted to the flange by the bolt 15. The slide 10 is secured to the flange 12 by the bolt 16 in an oversized hole 19, Fig. 8. Bolts 20-20, Figs. 8 and 10, are provided to draw the slide I0 toward the slide H, the oversize holes I! permitting such adjustment to cause the slide to slip and slidabiy grip the guide 8, and when so adjusted the bolt H5 is drawn up tight.

In the operation of the parts to be described, while the slides l9 and II are fitted as just described to slide without lost motion on the guide 8, the slides and therefore the flange l2 and arm 13, may be locked in any elevated position on the guide 8 by clamping means shown in Fig. 7, comprising a. bolt 2| passing through a. bore in the slide 10 and threaded into the slide Ill and having a handle '22 welded to the bolt whereby upon turning the handle the bolt propels the slide l9 toward the slide ll rigidly gripping the guide 8 thereb'etween in a locking clamping manner.

When the handle 22 is operated to free these slides, they and the arm l3 may be moved tov change the elevation thereof by the following means, see Figs. 10 and 11.

Upon the upper side of the flange I2 is secured by a plurality of bolts 23, one of which is shown in Fig. 11, a horizontal plate 24. A gear bearing 25 is bolted upon the plate 24, Fig. 10, in which is rotatably supported a shaft 26 carrying a bevel gear 21, the shaft being connected to a crank 28. An elevating screw 29 having a thrust bearing 30 on the underside of the plate 24, extends upufardly therethrough, and has a bevel gear 31 secured thereto and meshed with the gear 21. The screw extends downwardly between the slides I9 and ii, Figs. 8 and 10, and the threads thereof mesh with a nut 32 mounted on the forward face of the column 3 or upon the guide 8. The nut 32 is formed integral with a, flange 33 and bolts 3434 passing through oversize holes in the flange 33, secure the nut to a bracket 35, the bracket being secured tov the column as by welding. The bolts 34 are threaded into the bracket 35. but by passing through the oversize holes in the flange 33 permit the screw to be shifted to axially align it with the colunm or with the guide 8 when the bolts 34 are loosened, whereby when the bolts are tightened, the screw may turn freely without binding during travel of the screw through the nut.

From the foregoing it will now be apparent that upon loosening the slides Ill and II by the handle 22, and upon then'rotating the crahk 28-,

the screw 29 will be turned, and, reacting upon the nut 32 will thrust upwardly through the bearing 30 upon the plate 24 and cause the slide and the arm to be raised orlowered, thereby raising or lowering the tool to be referred to;

andafter a desired degree of elevation has thus been attained, the slides may be clamped upon the guideway 8 by the handle 22. The weight of the arm and tool while being adjustably elevated is carried by the plate 24, and transmitted to the screw 29.

The gears 21 and 3| may be covered by a gear housing 36 bolted to the plate 24.

In the outer end portion of the arm 13 is screwed, as by welding, a stem tube 38. having a vertical axis, or an axis parallel to the guideway 8, and rotatably mounted in the-tube 38 as'in a bearing, is a stem 31, Fig. 4. Upon a lower portion of the stem 31. is secured, as by welding, a

plate 39 in-the form of a disc, and upon the upper end of the stem is threaded a bearing nut 49, resting upon the upper end of the tube 38 and at 41 is a lock nut for the nut 40. By adjustably turning the nut 40, the plate 39 is drawn against the lower end of the tube 38, with rotational clearance, the nut 40 and the disc 39 thus being caused to abut the opposite ends of the tube 38 to rotatably position the stem 31 therein.

A carriage trackway illustrated generally at 42 is secured to the underside of the disc 39, for

' material such as reinforced plastic.

52 and 13 are superimposedone upon the other screws 49 and is graduated in degrees, as at 51. A ring 46 is secured, as by welding, to the tube 38, and a reference line 49, see Figs. 2 and 3, is provided on the ring with reference to which the dial 45 may turn to indicate the. position of the trackway.

The trackway may be locked in any swung position around the axis of the stem 31 by the following means, Figs. 1 and 5. A dog 50 is provided on the underside of the arm l3 and hingedly connected thereto. This hinging connection may be variously provided, but I prefer to provide-a perforation 5! in the underside of the arm, and project a reduced diameter portion 52 of the dog loosely into the perforation, with a corresponding shoulder 53 of the dog, resting against the underside of the arm. The dog has a notch 54 therein engaging the periphery of the disc 39. A bolt 55 is projected downwardly through aligned perforations in the upper and lower sides of the arm IS, the lower end of the bolt being threaded into the dog 50. The upper end of the bolt is connected, as 'by welding, to a handle 56 above the arm. By rotating the handle the bolt 55 draws the dog upwardly, clamping it upon the disc periphery, and the friction thereby efiected locks the disc to the arm. Upon rotating the handle 55 in the other direction the disc is freed and the trackway may be swung by hand around the axis of the stem 31. Preferably I provide an abutment 5? welded to the underside of the arm 13 and just clearing the upper face of the disc 39, whereby upon raising the dog by the handle 55, the disc is clamped between the dog and the abutment 51.

The trackway 42 is machined on each side to The plates are provided with aligned perforations the peripheries of which are generally frusto-conical as shown in Fig. 6, so that when the perforations are telescoped over the balls from opposite sides thereof and the plates are secured together, the balls are trapped therein, but with enough clearance to permit them to rotate in the perforations. The raceways are mounted in the position illustrated by making one of the plates, such as I3, wider than the other thereby providing an upstanding edge 1|, and a guide plate I5 is provided secured to the upperside of the raceway. 66 by the aforesaid bolts 62 and having a notch 16 loosely embracing the edge 14 to hold the plates upright, but allowing them to move or float longitudinally.

By the arrangement just described, the carriage M hangs, by virtue of its raceways 66-66, upon the balls '1 1-1 I and the balls rest upon the raceways 60-60; and the carriage is thereby sup ported upon the trackway 42 and movable longitudinally thereover substantially without friction, the balls rotating freely on the raceways and without lost motion by virtue of the adjustment provided by the screws 69-59. The cages float longitudinally with movements of the carriage, being propelled by the balls.

The carriage may be locked against movement when desired by a wing screw 11, Fig. 4. threaded through the carriage 44 and engageable with the trackway 42.

Secured to the underside of the carriage E4 and dependingtherefrcm are hangers l8 and '19, Fig. l, and in the lower portions of the hangers are trunnion bearings 80 and BI of any suitable construction, having a common axis, and a moprovide parallel-extending seats 58 and 59,.the

6! clamping the raceways upon the seats 58, and by bolts 52, clamping the raceways upon the seats 59, and the raceways are provided with concave ball races 63, see Fig. 6,

The carriage M is provided with grooves or elongated recesses 64-66 on pposite sides of and confronting the trackway, the grooves having horizontal planar seats 65-65 upon which rest carriage raceways 66-66. the same being clamped against the seats 65 by bolts 61-61, passing through oversize bores 68 in the carriage and being threaded into the raceways -58. Adjusting screws 69-59 are provided, the inner ends of which abut upon the raceways 68, and by turning the screws the raceways 66-66 may be moved toward or allowed to recede from the raceways -69, and then the bolts 61-61 may be tightened to clamp the raceways 66-66 in adjusted positions. The raceways have concave races 1e therein, see Fig. 6, and balls H roll in the races 69 and 10. The raceways 60 and B5 are made from hardened ground steel, and being detachable as described, are removable.

A plurality of such balls H are provided for each of the pairs of races 63 and I0. and the balls are spaced apart along the races 63 by a cage construction, best shown in Fig. 6, comprising a pair of plates 12 and 13 of suitable and secured together by any suitablemeans such as adhesive or bolts or rivets, not shown.

The plates tor, the housing of which is show. at 82, is supported on the trunnion bearings, and rocks thereon. A tool such as a wood saw 83 is mounted on the shaft of the motor and may be provided with a guard B l.

A plate 65, which may be a casting, and having an arcuate slot 85 therein, is secured to the motor housing, see Figs. 3 and 12, by bolts 88; and a bolt 8'! with the head 89 inwardly of the slot, extends through the slot and through the hanger l8 and is threaded into a handle 90. By loosening the handle 90, the motor housing may be rocked around the trunnion bearing 86 and,

" 6|, and then by tightening the handle the motor housing may be locked in position, by the bolt 81 clamping the plate 85 against the hanger 18. Any well known means, not shown, may be provided to prevent the bolt 81 from turning.

The plate 85, see Figs. 3 and 13, has a scale 9| graduated in degrees, concentric with the trunnion axis, and a scale finger 92 is secured upon the hanger 78 by a screw 93, and by moving the scale under the finger the scale indicates in degrees the rotative adjusted position of the motor and saw,

A work-table-top 94, preferably made of wood. is mounted on the table or base i for reciprocation toward and from the column 3. To this end, a forward and a rearward support 95 and 96 of metal, are mounted on the top of the table, and the forward support is provided with a pair of laterally spaced apertures 91 and 98, Fig. 3, aligned with a corresponding pair of apertures 91A and 98A, Fig. 9, in the rearward support.

These apertures are upwardly open and are cir-- In Figs. 16 and 17 is illustrated a further modiflcation of the means for supporting the worktable-top 94. A casting I2! is made preferably of aluminum or other light weight material, and webbed for lightness and strength, as illustrated in these figures. This casting is bolted to the above described bars I by bolts I28 projecting downwardly through perforations in the casting and threaded into the bars. The upper side of the casting is provided with planar surfaces I29, having threaded holes therein at I30--I30; and the work-table-top proper 94, of wood, is screwed to the upper side of the casting by screws I3I projected downwardly through the table-top into the holes I30.

Extensions I32 and I33 are formed integral with the casting and provided with threaded holes E34 and upon which, as well as upon the cleats I09, the aforesaid back rail I I0 may be secured by bolts I35; and the fence III may rest upon a part of the upper planar surface; and be secured by wedges IIZ, resting on the cleats I09Ill9, or upon the extensions I32-I33, or frictionally supported in the intermediate position illustrated.

In the operation of the tool above described, a

V suiiiciently accurate positioning of the table-top 94 is accomplished in most cases by moving it by hand. For example, to determine the width of a ripcut, the distance from the fence III to the saw blade may be measured with a pocket rule. In Figs.'l8 to 20, however, is illustrated a construction by which the table-top, after it has been moved to approximately the desired position, may be given a micrometer movement in connection with a scale, to accurately position it without other measuring thereof.

One of the bars IBM has formed on the underside thereof a rack I36. A pinion I3! is mounted upon a shaft I38, the latter being rotatively supported in spaced bearings I39 and I40, mounted on the base I. A handle I4I is provided on the outer end of the shaft I38. A spring I42 surrounding the shaft and abutting upon the bearing I39 at one end and at the other end abutting upon a collar I43 on the shaft I38, normally holds the shaft to dispose the pinion I31 out of engagement with, but adjacent to, the rack teeth I38.

Upon pushing inwardly on the shaft I38, the pinion teeth will be engaged with the rack teeth, and thenupon turning the shaft I38 by the handle MI, the said bar Illila will be propelled forwardly or rearwardly, as will be clear.

A scale in inches or the like, as shown at I44 is provided on the upper side of the bar IBM, and

a scale finger I45 is mounted on the base by a bolt I48 projected'through an elongated slot I41 in the finger whereby the finger I45 may, at the outset, be accurately positioned to indicate in inches the accurate position of the fence III with respect to the tool. Thereafter the scale I44 and the indication thereon by the finger I45 will accurately indicate the position of the fence III, and the scale I44 may be accurately moved under the finger'i45 by the handle I 4| and pinion ,2

I31, as described above;

When a great change of position orgreat movement of the table-top 94 is desired, it may be moved forwardly or rearwardly by hand, since the pinion I3! is normally out of engagement with the rack teeth I35, and then for the last, or mi,- crometer part of the movement, the pinion I31 may be used to finally position the table-top; and it then may be clamped in such a position, by the means described hereinbefore.

My invention is not limited to the exact details of construction illustrated and described herein, but is comprehensive of all changes and modifications thereof which come within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a machine tool, a base; a generally horizontal arm supported above the base; a horizontal trackway mounted on the arm on a vertical bearing axis to swing in a horizontal plane for variably adjustably positioning the trackway; a tool movable on the trackway; means to fix the trackway in any adjusted position comprising a circular disc connected to the trackway and having its peripheral portion co-axial with said arm bearing; an abutment on the arm adjacent to the disc periphery a screw-threaded element on the arm, and a handle for turning it, and a lever hingingly connected to the arm overlapping the disc peripheral portion and arranged to bemoved upon rotation of the screw-threaded element to clampingly engage the disc between the lever and the abutment to lock it against rotation.

2. In a machine tool, a frame; a horizontal' arm on the frame; a horizontal trackway; a tool movable on the trackway; means to support the trackway on the arm to rotatably swing in a horizontal plane to adjust its position and to lock it in any adjusted position, comprising a vertical stem connected to the trackway; a disc connected to the stem and trackway and co-axial with the stem; the arm being provided with a vertical bearing bore and the stem being rotat-' ably mounted in the bore; an abutment on the stem spaced from the disc for engaging the opposite ends of the bore between the abutment and the disc a lever movably hinged to the arm and having a portion overlapping the peripheral portion of the disc; lever-operating means supported 0n the arm and connected with the lever, and comprising an operating handle operable to cause the lever to grippingly engage the disc peripheral portion to lock the disc, stem and trackway against rotation relative to the arm.

3. In a machine tool, a main base; an upright column on the base; a pair of vertical, spacedapart, stationary, parallel, wedge-form guideways on the column; a slide comprising two slide elements formed to wedgingly embrace the guideways therebetween; an overhanging tool-supporting arm connected to both slide elements; the connection of one slide element to the arm being an adjustable, movable connection first loosening of which releases the slide element for movement thereof toward the other slide element, and then tightening of said connection secures said slide element to the arm in adjusted position; operable screw means for effecting micrometer adjusting movement of the said slide element; handle-operable clamp means operable to force the slide elements toward each other; and the slide assembly thereupon resiliently yielding to effect gripping of the .guideways, between the slide elements.

4. In a machine tool, a. frame; a laterally extending arm on the frame supporting a horizontal trackway; a tool reciprocable on the trackway; means to support the trackway on the arm to rotatably swing in 'a horizontal plane to adjust its position, and to lock it in any adjusted position, comprising a vertical stem connected to the trackway; a disc connected to the trackway, and co-axial with the stem, and below the arm; the arm being provided with a. vertical bearing bore,

bore; a screw extending through the arm and rotatably supported therein; a handle on the e screw above the arm for turning the screw; a

clamp device below the arm operable by the screw to grip the disc to lock it against rotation upon turning the screw by the handle.

5. In a machine tool, a frame; a horizontal arm on the frame; a horizontal trackway; a tool movable on the trackway; means to support the trackway on the arm to rotatably swing in a horizontal plane to adjust its position, and to lockit in any adjusted position, comprising: a vertical stem connected to the trackway; a disc connected to the trackway and co-axial with the stem; the arm being provided with a vertical bearing bore and the stem being rotatably mounted in the bore; a shoulder carried by the trackway and co-axiai with the stem and adjacent to the lower end of the bearing bore; an abutment on the upper end of the stem and engaging the upper end of the bearing bore to support the trackway; the abutment being adjustable on the stem toward and from the shoulder; a lever device having hinging connection with the arm and having a portion overlapping the peripheral portion of the disc; lever device operating means supported on the arm and comprising an operating handle to cause the lever device to engage the disc peripheral portion to lock the disc, stem and trackway against rotation relative to the'arm.

' RALPH R. ROEMER. 

